The master node starts normally, and other nodes cannot join

version:Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-8.0.26-rb141904-el8-x86_64
master node :

# Template my.cnf for PXC
# Edit to your requirements.
[client]
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
server-id=1
datadir=/data/pxc/data
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/pxc/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

skip-host-cache

#skip-grant-tables

lower_case_table_names=1


# Binary log expiration period is 604800 seconds, which equals 7 days
binlog_expire_logs_seconds=604800

######## wsrep ###############
# Path to Galera library
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera4/libgalera_smm.so

# Cluster connection URL contains IPs of nodes
#If no IP is found, this implies that a new cluster needs to be created,
#in order to do that you need to bootstrap this node
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://10.1.13.163,10.1.13.164,10.1.13.165

# In order for Galera to work correctly binlog format should be ROW
binlog_format=ROW

# Slave thread to use
wsrep_slave_threads=8

wsrep_log_conflicts

# This changes how InnoDB autoincrement locks are managed and is a requirement for Galera
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2

# Node IP address
wsrep_node_address=10.1.13.163
# Cluster name
wsrep_cluster_name=pxc-cluster

#If wsrep_node_name is not specified,  then system hostname will be used
wsrep_node_name=pxc-node-3

#pxc_strict_mode allowed values: DISABLED,PERMISSIVE,ENFORCING,MASTER
pxc_strict_mode=ENFORCING

# SST method
wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2
pxc-encrypt-cluster-traffic=OFF
#wsrep_sst_receive_address=10.1.13.163:4588

max_connections=5000

sql_mode =

node2:

# Template my.cnf for PXC
# Edit to your requirements.
[client]
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
server-id=2
datadir=/data/pxc/data
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/pxc/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

skip-host-cache

lower_case_table_names=1


# Binary log expiration period is 604800 seconds, which equals 7 days
binlog_expire_logs_seconds=604800

######## wsrep ###############
# Path to Galera library
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera4/libgalera_smm.so

# Cluster connection URL contains IPs of nodes
#If no IP is found, this implies that a new cluster needs to be created,
#in order to do that you need to bootstrap this node
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://10.1.13.163,10.1.13.164,10.1.13.165

# In order for Galera to work correctly binlog format should be ROW
binlog_format=ROW

# Slave thread to use
wsrep_slave_threads=8

wsrep_log_conflicts

# This changes how InnoDB autoincrement locks are managed and is a requirement for Galera
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2

# Node IP address
wsrep_node_address=10.1.13.164
# Cluster name
wsrep_cluster_name=pxc-cluster

#If wsrep_node_name is not specified,  then system hostname will be used
wsrep_node_name=pxc-node-4

#pxc_strict_mode allowed values: DISABLED,PERMISSIVE,ENFORCING,MASTER
pxc_strict_mode=ENFORCING

# SST method
wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2
pxc-encrypt-cluster-traffic=OFF
#wsrep_sst_receive_address=10.1.13.164:4588

max_connections=5000

sql_mode =

node2 logs

2023-10-11T06:20:45.724405Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera]  cleaning up 395c0eb6-acd8 (tcp://10.1.13.165:4567)
2023-10-11T06:21:10.945092Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [WSREP-SST] 2023/10/11 14:21:10 socat[1366708] E SSL_accept(): error:1409441B:SSL routines:ssl3_read_bytes:tlsv1 alert decrypt error
2023-10-11T06:21:10.971836Z 0 [Warning] [MY-000000] [Galera] 1.0 (pxc-node-3): State transfer to 0.0 (pxc-node-4) failed: -32 (Broken pipe)
2023-10-11T06:21:10.973273Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [Galera] gcs/src/gcs_group.cpp:gcs_group_handle_join_msg():1214: Will never receive state. Need to abort.
2023-10-11T06:21:10.973321Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] gcomm: terminating thread
2023-10-11T06:21:10.973368Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] gcomm: joining thread
2023-10-11T06:21:10.973473Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] gcomm: closing backend
2023-10-11T06:21:11.165394Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [WSREP-SST] ******************* FATAL ERROR **********************
2023-10-11T06:21:11.165455Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [WSREP-SST] Error while getting data from donor node:  exit codes: 0 1 0
2023-10-11T06:21:11.165470Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [WSREP-SST] Line 1296
2023-10-11T06:21:11.165512Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [WSREP-SST] ******************************************************
2023-10-11T06:21:11.165527Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [WSREP-SST] Cleanup after exit with status:32
2023-10-11T06:21:11.179306Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [WSREP] Process completed with error: wsrep_sst_xtrabackup-v2 --role 'joiner' --address '10.1.13.164' --datadir '/data/pxc/data/' --basedir '/usr/' --plugindir '/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/' --defaults-file '/etc/my.cnf' --defaults-group-suffix '' --parent '1366234' --mysqld-version '8.0.26-16.1'   '' : 32 (Broken pipe)
2023-10-11T06:21:11.179382Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [WSREP] Failed to read uuid:seqno from joiner script.
2023-10-11T06:21:11.179403Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [WSREP] SST script aborted with error 32 (Broken pipe)
2023-10-11T06:21:11.179530Z 3 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Processing SST received
2023-10-11T06:21:11.179570Z 3 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] SST request was cancelled
2023-10-11T06:21:11.179606Z 3 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [Galera] State transfer request failed unrecoverably: 32 (Broken pipe). Most likely it is due to inability to communicate with the cluster primary component. Restart required.
2023-10-11T06:21:11.179631Z 3 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] ReplicatorSMM::abort()
2023-10-11T06:21:11.179654Z 3 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Closing send monitor...
2023-10-11T06:21:11.179681Z 3 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Closed send monitor.
2023-10-11T06:21:11.976799Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Current view of cluster as seen by this node
view (view_id(NON_PRIM,39fb168a-a1e9,6)
memb {
        39fb168a-a1e9,0
        }
joined {
        }
left {
        }
partitioned {
        e5c1930b-b81f,0
        }
)
2023-10-11T06:21:11.976914Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] PC protocol downgrade 1 -> 0
2023-10-11T06:21:11.976940Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Current view of cluster as seen by this node
view ((empty))
2023-10-11T06:21:11.977200Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] gcomm: closed
2023-10-11T06:21:11.977240Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Terminated.
2023-10-11T06:21:11.977267Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [WSREP] Initiating SST cancellation
2023-10-11T06:21:11.977279Z 3 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] gcomm: terminating thread
2023-10-11T06:21:11.977344Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [WSREP] Terminating SST process
2023-10-11T06:21:11.977372Z 3 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] gcomm: joining thread

From the above you have a “Broken pipe” error. So network connection was interrupted while attempting to do SST. You should try starting node2 again and check network connection. Check also the logs of the donor node.

3306/tcp,4444/tcp,4567/tcp,4568/tcp is good;

master node logs


2023-10-12T00:43:05.911687Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] (e5c1930b-b81f, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') connection established to 4ea92a02-9b9e tcp://10.1.13.164:4567
2023-10-12T00:43:05.912118Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] (e5c1930b-b81f, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') turning message relay requesting on, nonlive peers: 
2023-10-12T00:43:06.320871Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] declaring 4ea92a02-9b9e at tcp://10.1.13.164:4567 stable
2023-10-12T00:43:06.323359Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Node e5c1930b-b81f state primary
2023-10-12T00:43:06.326335Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Current view of cluster as seen by this node
view (view_id(PRIM,4ea92a02-9b9e,8)
memb {
	4ea92a02-9b9e,0
	e5c1930b-b81f,0
	}
joined {
	}
left {
	}
partitioned {
	}
)
2023-10-12T00:43:06.326395Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Save the discovered primary-component to disk
2023-10-12T00:43:06.332648Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] New COMPONENT: primary = yes, bootstrap = no, my_idx = 1, memb_num = 2
2023-10-12T00:43:06.332697Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] STATE EXCHANGE: Waiting for state UUID.
2023-10-12T00:43:06.413536Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] STATE EXCHANGE: sent state msg: 4ef5fed0-6898-11ee-b552-eafa64669161
2023-10-12T00:43:06.413820Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] STATE EXCHANGE: got state msg: 4ef5fed0-6898-11ee-b552-eafa64669161 from 0 (pxc-node-4)
2023-10-12T00:43:06.413847Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] STATE EXCHANGE: got state msg: 4ef5fed0-6898-11ee-b552-eafa64669161 from 1 (pxc-node-3)
2023-10-12T00:43:06.413860Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Quorum results:
	version    = 6,
	component  = PRIMARY,
	conf_id    = 7,
	members    = 1/2 (primary/total),
	act_id     = 31,
	last_appl. = 24,
	protocols  = 2/10/4 (gcs/repl/appl),
	vote policy= 0,
	group UUID = d68514c1-6733-11ee-ba7c-c71c6b584810
2023-10-12T00:43:06.413939Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Flow-control interval: [141, 141]
2023-10-12T00:43:06.414087Z 15 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] ####### processing CC 32, local, ordered
2023-10-12T00:43:06.414133Z 15 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Maybe drain monitors from 31 upto current CC event 32 upto:31
2023-10-12T00:43:06.414148Z 15 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Drain monitors from 31 up to 31
2023-10-12T00:43:06.414162Z 15 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] ####### My UUID: e5c1930b-67fb-11ee-b81f-9f779de345d3
2023-10-12T00:43:06.414174Z 15 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Skipping cert index reset
2023-10-12T00:43:06.414186Z 15 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] REPL Protocols: 10 (5)
2023-10-12T00:43:06.414199Z 15 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] ####### Adjusting cert position: 31 -> 32
2023-10-12T00:43:06.414245Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Service thread queue flushed.
2023-10-12T00:43:06.418719Z 15 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] ================================================
View:
  id: d68514c1-6733-11ee-ba7c-c71c6b584810:32
  status: primary
  protocol_version: 4
  capabilities: MULTI-MASTER, CERTIFICATION, PARALLEL_APPLYING, REPLAY, ISOLATION, PAUSE, CAUSAL_READ, INCREMENTAL_WS, UNORDERED, PREORDERED, STREAMING, NBO
  final: no
  own_index: 1
  members(2):
	0: 4ea92a02-6898-11ee-9b9e-0b7f8e90857b, pxc-node-4
	1: e5c1930b-67fb-11ee-b81f-9f779de345d3, pxc-node-3
=================================================
2023-10-12T00:43:06.418770Z 15 [Note] [MY-000000] [WSREP] wsrep_notify_cmd is not defined, skipping notification.
2023-10-12T00:43:06.423167Z 15 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Recording CC from group: 32
2023-10-12T00:43:06.423232Z 15 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Lowest cert index boundary for CC from group: 32
2023-10-12T00:43:06.423249Z 15 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Min available from gcache for CC from group: 1
2023-10-12T00:43:07.108118Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Member 0.0 (pxc-node-4) requested state transfer from '*any*'. Selected 1.0 (pxc-node-3)(SYNCED) as donor.
2023-10-12T00:43:07.108205Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Shifting SYNCED -> DONOR/DESYNCED (TO: 32)
2023-10-12T00:43:07.108310Z 15 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Detected STR version: 1, req_len: 129, req: STRv1
2023-10-12T00:43:07.108381Z 15 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Cert index preload: 32 -> 32
2023-10-12T00:43:07.109099Z 15 [Note] [MY-000000] [WSREP] Server status change synced -> donor
2023-10-12T00:43:07.109125Z 15 [Note] [MY-000000] [WSREP] wsrep_notify_cmd is not defined, skipping notification.
2023-10-12T00:43:07.109134Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] async IST sender starting to serve tcp://10.1.13.164:4568 sending 32-32, preload starts from 32
2023-10-12T00:43:07.109253Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [WSREP] Initiating SST/IST transfer on DONOR side (wsrep_sst_xtrabackup-v2 --role 'donor' --address '10.1.13.164:4444/xtrabackup_sst//1' --socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' --datadir '/data/pxc/data/' --basedir '/usr/' --plugindir '/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/' --defaults-file '/etc/my.cnf' --defaults-group-suffix '' --mysqld-version '8.0.26-16.1'   '' --gtid 'd68514c1-6733-11ee-ba7c-c71c6b584810:32' )
2023-10-12T00:43:07.109939Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] IST sender 32 -> 32
2023-10-12T00:43:07.122406Z 15 [Note] [MY-000000] [WSREP] DONOR thread signaled with 0
2023-10-12T00:43:07.249331Z 0 [Warning] [MY-000000] [WSREP-SST] wsrep_node_address or wsrep_sst_receive_address not set. Consider setting them if SST fails.
2023-10-12T00:43:09.293224Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] (e5c1930b-b81f, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') turning message relay requesting off
2023-10-12T00:43:37.616952Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [WSREP-SST] 2023/10/12 08:43:37 socat[404372] E SSL_connect(): error:0407008A:rsa routines:RSA_padding_check_PKCS1_type_1:invalid padding
2023-10-12T00:43:37.617949Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [WSREP-SST] ******************* FATAL ERROR ********************** 
2023-10-12T00:43:37.617977Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [WSREP-SST] Error while sending data to joiner node:  exit codes: 0 1
2023-10-12T00:43:37.618007Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [WSREP-SST] Line 1384
2023-10-12T00:43:37.618040Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [WSREP-SST] ****************************************************** 
2023-10-12T00:43:37.618115Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [WSREP-SST] Cleanup after exit with status:32
2023-10-12T00:43:37.633701Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [WSREP] Process completed with error: wsrep_sst_xtrabackup-v2 --role 'donor' --address '10.1.13.164:4444/xtrabackup_sst//1' --socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' --datadir '/data/pxc/data/' --basedir '/usr/' --plugindir '/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/' --defaults-file '/etc/my.cnf' --defaults-group-suffix '' --mysqld-version '8.0.26-16.1'   '' --gtid 'd68514c1-6733-11ee-ba7c-c71c6b584810:32' : 32 (Broken pipe)
2023-10-12T00:43:37.694801Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] SST sending failed: -32
2023-10-12T00:43:37.694858Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [WSREP] Server status change donor -> joined
2023-10-12T00:43:37.694888Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [WSREP] wsrep_notify_cmd is not defined, skipping notification.
2023-10-12T00:43:37.695116Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [WSREP] Command did not run: wsrep_sst_xtrabackup-v2 --role 'donor' --address '10.1.13.164:4444/xtrabackup_sst//1' --socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' --datadir '/data/pxc/data/' --basedir '/usr/' --plugindir '/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/' --defaults-file '/etc/my.cnf' --defaults-group-suffix '' --mysqld-version '8.0.26-16.1'   '' --gtid 'd68514c1-6733-11ee-ba7c-c71c6b584810:32' 
2023-10-12T00:43:37.695575Z 0 [Warning] [MY-000000] [Galera] 1.0 (pxc-node-3): State transfer to 0.0 (pxc-node-4) failed: -32 (Broken pipe)
2023-10-12T00:43:37.695609Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Shifting DONOR/DESYNCED -> JOINED (TO: 32)
2023-10-12T00:43:37.695942Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Member 1.0 (pxc-node-3) synced with group.
2023-10-12T00:43:37.695959Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Shifting JOINED -> SYNCED (TO: 32)
2023-10-12T00:43:37.696010Z 12 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Server pxc-node-3 synced with group
2023-10-12T00:43:37.696058Z 12 [Note] [MY-000000] [WSREP] Server status change joined -> synced
2023-10-12T00:43:37.696075Z 12 [Note] [MY-000000] [WSREP] Synchronized with group, ready for connections
2023-10-12T00:43:37.696113Z 12 [Note] [MY-000000] [WSREP] wsrep_notify_cmd is not defined, skipping notification.
2023-10-12T00:43:38.696968Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] forgetting 4ea92a02-9b9e (tcp://10.1.13.164:4567)
2023-10-12T00:43:38.697086Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Node e5c1930b-b81f state primary
2023-10-12T00:43:38.697137Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Current view of cluster as seen by this node
view (view_id(PRIM,e5c1930b-b81f,9)
memb {
	e5c1930b-b81f,0
	}
joined {
	}
left {
	}
partitioned {
	4ea92a02-9b9e,0
	}
)
2023-10-12T00:43:38.697176Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Save the discovered primary-component to disk
2023-10-12T00:43:38.700297Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] forgetting 4ea92a02-9b9e (tcp://10.1.13.164:4567)
2023-10-12T00:43:38.700325Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] New COMPONENT: primary = yes, bootstrap = no, my_idx = 0, memb_num = 1
2023-10-12T00:43:38.700489Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] STATE_EXCHANGE: sent state UUID: 6234b6e0-6898-11ee-8ccd-9615fdb92561
2023-10-12T00:43:38.700594Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] STATE EXCHANGE: sent state msg: 6234b6e0-6898-11ee-8ccd-9615fdb92561
2023-10-12T00:43:38.700673Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] STATE EXCHANGE: got state msg: 6234b6e0-6898-11ee-8ccd-9615fdb92561 from 0 (pxc-node-3)
2023-10-12T00:43:38.700693Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Quorum results:
	version    = 6,
	component  = PRIMARY,
	conf_id    = 8,
	members    = 1/1 (primary/total),
	act_id     = 32,
	last_appl. = 24,
	protocols  = 2/10/4 (gcs/repl/appl),
	vote policy= 0,
	group UUID = d68514c1-6733-11ee-ba7c-c71c6b584810
2023-10-12T00:43:38.700746Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Flow-control interval: [100, 100]
2023-10-12T00:43:38.700998Z 10 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] ####### processing CC 33, local, ordered
2023-10-12T00:43:38.701052Z 10 [Warning] [MY-000000] [Galera] Peer (IST receiver) 4ea92a02-6898-11ee-9b9e-0b7f8e90857b for IST AsyncSender seems to be disconnected. Terminating IST AsyncSender.

2023-10-12T00:43:38.701171Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] async IST sender served
2023-10-12T00:43:38.701283Z 10 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Maybe drain monitors from 32 upto current CC event 33 upto:32
2023-10-12T00:43:38.701314Z 10 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Drain monitors from 32 up to 32
2023-10-12T00:43:38.701342Z 10 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] ####### My UUID: e5c1930b-67fb-11ee-b81f-9f779de345d3
2023-10-12T00:43:38.701367Z 10 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Skipping cert index reset
2023-10-12T00:43:38.701392Z 10 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] REPL Protocols: 10 (5)
2023-10-12T00:43:38.701418Z 10 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] ####### Adjusting cert position: 32 -> 33
2023-10-12T00:43:38.701454Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Service thread queue flushed.
2023-10-12T00:43:38.704510Z 10 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] ================================================
View:
  id: d68514c1-6733-11ee-ba7c-c71c6b584810:33
  status: primary
  protocol_version: 4
  capabilities: MULTI-MASTER, CERTIFICATION, PARALLEL_APPLYING, REPLAY, ISOLATION, PAUSE, CAUSAL_READ, INCREMENTAL_WS, UNORDERED, PREORDERED, STREAMING, NBO
  final: no
  own_index: 0
  members(1):
	0: e5c1930b-67fb-11ee-b81f-9f779de345d3, pxc-node-3
=================================================
2023-10-12T00:43:38.704606Z 10 [Note] [MY-000000] [WSREP] wsrep_notify_cmd is not defined, skipping notification.
2023-10-12T00:43:38.709239Z 10 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Recording CC from group: 33
2023-10-12T00:43:38.709291Z 10 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Lowest cert index boundary for CC from group: 33
2023-10-12T00:43:38.709315Z 10 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Min available from gcache for CC from group: 1
2023-10-12T00:43:43.803303Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera]  cleaning up 4ea92a02-9b9e (tcp://10.1.13.164:4567)

4444

You appear to be missing these configuration parameters.

Also looks like some encryption error. Can you verify by logging into mysql node1 (bootstrapped node) that encrypted traffic is off?

pxc-encrypt-cluster-traffic=OFF

will take encrypted traffic off?

I’m sorry,how to check encrypted traffic is off?

SELECT @@pxc-encrypt-cluster-traffic to verify on node1.

I would also add this section to /etc/my.cnf on both nodes. You might need to restart node1 for this to take effect.

[sst]
encrypt=0

After setting it up like you did

master node:

2023-10-13T00:53:35.215012Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [WSREP-SST] 2023/10/13 08:53:35 socat[3666709] E write(7, 0x559da62374d0, 8192): Connection reset by peer
2023-10-13T00:53:36.100569Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [WSREP-SST] ******************* FATAL ERROR **********************
2023-10-13T00:53:36.100652Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [WSREP-SST] xtrabackup finished with error: 1.  Check /data/pxc/data//innobackup.backup.log
2023-10-13T00:53:36.100662Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [WSREP-SST] Line 1948
2023-10-13T00:53:36.101731Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [WSREP-SST] ------------ innobackup.backup.log (START) ------------
        xtrabackup: recognized server arguments: --server-id=1 --datadir=/data/pxc/data --defaults_group=mysqld
        xtrabackup: recognized client arguments: --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --parallel=4 --user=mysql.pxc.sst.user --password=* --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --lock-ddl=1 --backup=1 --galera-info=1 --stream=xbstream --xtrabackup-plugin-dir=/usr/bin/pxc_extra/pxb-8.0/lib/plugin --target-dir=/tmp/pxc_sst_JDsB/donor_xb_GlQu
        /usr/bin/pxc_extra/pxb-8.0/bin/xtrabackup version 8.0.26-18 based on MySQL server 8.0.26 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 4aecf82)
        231013 08:52:06  version_check Connecting to MySQL server with DSN 'dbi:mysql:;mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup;mysql_socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' as 'mysql.pxc.sst.user'  (using password: YES).
        Failed to connect to MySQL server: DBI connect(';mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup;mysql_socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock','mysql.pxc.sst.user',...) failed: Plugin caching_sha2_password could not be loaded: lib64/mariadb/plugin/caching_sha2_password.so: 无法打开共享对象文件: 没有那个文件或目录 at - line 1536.
        231013 08:52:06 Connecting to MySQL server host: localhost, user: mysql.pxc.sst.user, password: set, port: not set, socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
        Using server version 8.0.26-16.1
        231013 08:52:06 Executing LOCK TABLES FOR BACKUP...
        xtrabackup: uses posix_fadvise().
        xtrabackup: cd to /data/pxc/data
        xtrabackup: open files limit requested 0, set to 16364
        xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration:
        xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = .
        xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
        xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./
        xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
        xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size = 50331648
        Number of pools: 1
        xtrabackup: inititialize_service_handles suceeded
        231013 08:52:06 Connecting to MySQL server host: localhost, user: mysql.pxc.sst.user, password: set, port: not set, socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
        xtrabackup: Redo Log Archiving is not set up.
        WARNING: unknown option --binlog-info=ON
        231013 08:52:06 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        xtrabackup: Generating a list of tablespaces
        xtrabackup: Generating a list of tablespaces
        Scanning './'
        Completed space ID check of 2 files.
        Allocated tablespace ID 1 for sys/sys_config, old maximum was 0
        Using undo tablespace './undo_001'.
        Using undo tablespace './undo_002'.
        Opened 2 existing undo tablespaces.
        xtrabackup: Starting 4 threads for parallel data files transfer
        231013 08:52:07 [01] Streaming ./ibdata1
        231013 08:52:07 [02] Streaming ./sys/sys_config.ibd
        231013 08:52:07 [03] Streaming ./mysql/wsrep_cluster.ibd
        231013 08:52:07 [04] Streaming ./mysql/wsrep_cluster_members.ibd
        231013 08:52:07 [02]        ...done
        231013 08:52:07 [03]        ...done
        231013 08:52:07 [04]        ...done
        231013 08:52:07 [02] Streaming ./mysql/wsrep_streaming_log.ibd
        231013 08:52:07 [02]        ...done
        231013 08:52:07 [03] Streaming ./mysql.ibd
        231013 08:52:07 [04] Streaming ./undo_002
        231013 08:52:07 [02] Streaming ./undo_001
        231013 08:52:07 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        231013 08:52:08 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        231013 08:52:09 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        231013 08:52:10 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        231013 08:52:11 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        231013 08:52:12 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        231013 08:52:13 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        231013 08:52:14 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        231013 08:52:15 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        231013 08:52:16 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        231013 08:52:17 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        231013 08:52:18 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        231013 08:52:19 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        231013 08:52:20 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        231013 08:52:21 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        231013 08:52:22 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        231013 08:52:23 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        231013 08:52:24 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        231013 08:52:25 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        231013 08:52:26 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        231013 08:52:27 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        231013 08:52:28 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        231013 08:52:29 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        231013 08:52:30 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        231013 08:52:31 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        231013 08:52:32 >> log scanned up to (18842043)
        Starting to parse redo log at lsn = 18841657
        231013 08:52:33 >> log scanned up to (18845249)
        231013 08:52:34 >> log scanned up to (18845249)
        231013 08:52:35 >> log scanned up to (18845249)
        231013 08:52:36 >> log scanned up to (18845249)
        231013 08:52:37 >> log scanned up to (18845249)
        231013 08:52:38 >> log scanned up to (18845249)
        231013 08:52:39 >> log scanned up to (18845249)
        231013 08:52:40 >> log scanned up to (18845249)
        231013 08:52:41 >> log scanned up to (18845249)
        231013 08:52:42 >> log scanned up to (18845249)
        231013 08:52:43 >> log scanned up to (18846777)
        231013 08:52:44 >> log scanned up to (18846777)
        231013 08:52:45 >> log scanned up to (18846777)
        231013 08:52:46 >> log scanned up to (18846777)
        231013 08:52:47 >> log scanned up to (18846777)
        231013 08:52:48 >> log scanned up to (18846777)
        231013 08:52:49 >> log scanned up to (18846777)
        231013 08:52:50 >> log scanned up to (18846777)
        231013 08:52:51 >> log scanned up to (18847619)
        231013 08:52:52 >> log scanned up to (18847619)
        231013 08:52:53 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:52:54 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:52:55 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:52:56 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:52:57 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:52:58 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:52:59 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:00 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:01 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:02 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:03 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:04 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:05 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:06 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:07 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:08 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:09 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:10 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:11 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:12 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:13 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:14 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:15 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:16 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:17 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:18 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:19 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:20 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:21 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:22 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:23 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:24 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:25 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:26 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:27 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:28 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:29 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:30 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:31 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:32 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:33 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        231013 08:53:34 >> log scanned up to (18849331)
        xtrabackup: Error writing file '<unopen fd>' (OS errno 32 - Broken pipe)
        xb_stream_write_data() failed.
        xtrabackup: Error writing file '<unopen fd>' (OS errno 32 - Broken pipe)
        [03] xtrabackup: Error: xtrabackup_copy_datafile() failed.
        [03] xtrabackup: Error: failed to copy datafile.
        xtrabackup: Error writing file '<unopen fd>' (OS errno 32 - Broken pipe)
        xb_stream_write_data() failed.
        xtrabackup: Error writing file '<unopen fd>' (OS errno 32 - Broken pipe)

2023-10-13T00:53:36.101850Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [WSREP-SST] ------------ innobackup.backup.log (cont) ------------
        [04] xtrabackup: Error: xtrabackup_copy_datafile() failed.
        [04] xtrabackup: Error: failed to copy datafile.
        xtrabackup: Error writing file '<unopen fd>' (OS errno 32 - Broken pipe)
        xb_stream_write_data() failed.
        xtrabackup: Error writing file '<unopen fd>' (OS errno 32 - Broken pipe)
        xb_stream_write_data() failed.
        xtrabackup: Error writing file '<unopen fd>' (OS errno 32 - Broken pipe)
        xtrabackup: Error writing file '<unopen fd>' (OS errno 32 - Broken pipe)
        [02] xtrabackup: Error: xtrabackup_copy_datafile() failed.
        [02] xtrabackup: Error: failed to copy datafile.
        [01] xtrabackup: Error: xtrabackup_copy_datafile() failed.
        [01] xtrabackup: Error: failed to copy datafile.
        231013 08:53:35 >> log scanned up to (18849331)

2023-10-13T00:53:36.101861Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [WSREP-SST] ------------ innobackup.backup.log (END) ------------
2023-10-13T00:53:36.101903Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [WSREP-SST] ******************************************************
2023-10-13T00:53:36.101984Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [WSREP-SST] Cleanup after exit with status:22
2023-10-13T00:53:36.116750Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [WSREP] Process completed with error: wsrep_sst_xtrabackup-v2 --role 'donor' --address '10.1.13.164:4444/xtrabackup_sst//1' --socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' --datadir '/data/pxc/data/' --basedir '/usr/' --plugindir '/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/' --defaults-file '/etc/mysql/my.cnf' --defaults-group-suffix '' --mysqld-version '8.0.26-16.1'   '' --gtid 'd68514c1-6733-11ee-ba7c-c71c6b584810:41' : 22 (Invalid argument)
2023-10-13T00:53:36.116846Z 0 [Warning] [MY-000000] [Galera] Member 2.0 (pxc-node-5) requested state transfer from '*any*', but it is impossible to select State Transfer donor: Resource temporarily unavailable
2023-10-13T00:53:36.121428Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] SST sending failed: -22
2023-10-13T00:53:36.121469Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [WSREP] Server status change donor -> joined
2023-10-13T00:53:36.121485Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [WSREP] wsrep_notify_cmd is not defined, skipping notification.
2023-10-13T00:53:36.121542Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [WSREP] Command did not run: wsrep_sst_xtrabackup-v2 --role 'donor' --address '10.1.13.164:4444/xtrabackup_sst//1' --socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' --datadir '/data/pxc/data/' --basedir '/usr/' --plugindir '/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/' --defaults-file '/etc/mysql/my.cnf' --defaults-group-suffix '' --mysqld-version '8.0.26-16.1'   '' --gtid 'd68514c1-6733-11ee-ba7c-c71c6b584810:41'
2023-10-13T00:53:36.122369Z 0 [Warning] [MY-000000] [Galera] 0.0 (pxc-node-3): State transfer to 1.0 (pxc-node-4) failed: -22 (Invalid argument)

other node

2023-10-13T00:53:36.117230Z 0 [Warning] [MY-000000] [Galera] Member 2.0 (pxc-node-5) requested state transfer from '*any*', but it is impossible to select State Transfer donor: Resource temporarily unavailable
2023-10-13T00:53:36.122714Z 0 [Warning] [MY-000000] [Galera] 0.0 (pxc-node-3): State transfer to 1.0 (pxc-node-4) failed: -22 (Invalid argument)
2023-10-13T00:53:36.123855Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [Galera] gcs/src/gcs_group.cpp:gcs_group_handle_join_msg():1214: Will never receive state. Need to abort.
2023-10-13T00:53:36.123884Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] gcomm: terminating thread
2023-10-13T00:53:36.123914Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] gcomm: joining thread
2023-10-13T00:53:36.124004Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] gcomm: closing backend
2023-10-13T00:53:36.124457Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Current view of cluster as seen by this node
view (view_id(NON_PRIM,a40b61d2-a99f,3)
memb {
        b3a97349-9155,0
        }
joined {
        }
left {
        }
partitioned {
        a40b61d2-a99f,0
        ca10a130-b966,0
        }
)
2023-10-13T00:53:36.124511Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] PC protocol downgrade 1 -> 0
2023-10-13T00:53:36.124532Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] Current view of cluster as seen by this node
view ((empty))
2023-10-13T00:53:36.124815Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] gcomm: closed
2023-10-13T00:53:36.124847Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [Galera] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Terminated.
2023-10-13T00:53:36.124864Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [WSREP] Initiating SST cancellation
2023-10-13T00:53:36.124878Z 0 [Note] [MY-000000] [WSREP] Terminating SST process

This might be the issue. Why is this mentioning MariaDB? Do you have mariadb libraries installed? You need to remove all the MariaDB stuff and install all Percona/MySQL tools/libraries.

Thank you all! I’ll check again