Based on documentation it is prohibited to start the server with lower_case_table_names different from the value when the data directory was initialized. If you need to change lower_case_table_names to 1 from 0 you’ll need to reinitialize the data directory but prior to that you will want to backup the data prior to re-initializing the data directory.
Reference: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_lower_case_table_names
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